Superfoods!

Sometimes I’m torn between the perspective that people should be able to think for themselves and the idea that the government should restrict and regulate the food industry and its packaging and marketing. But the food and drug industry often goes too far to sell foods, by making ridiculous claims about products. Superfood is a marketing term that has no real definition for regulation in America, so it’s often used willy nilly to sell things.

I think I was quite lucky in high school and college to learn about false marketing, “unhealthy” foods, and unethical production practices. In 11th grade we watched Food Inc in our health class, which is mainly about the ethics of the food industry, and so far I feel like I learned a lot about the psychology of eating. I’ve annoyed my parents with a lot of know-it-all facts. I also know a lot about the drug industry because my mom works in the compliance and ethics department of a big pharmaceutical company. But I’m one of a very small population who is lucky to be educated on all of this.

Most of the time I think America should do the same things the United Kingdom does (quite often, actually.) One thing I am surprised at is I was the only one to mention the fact that the UK has banned the use of the word “superfood” in marketing, unless the outrageous claims made are actually supported by evidence. The new legislation also requires foods that claim to be low in one product, such as salt, must have labels if they are high in sugar or fat, which is often the case with minimizing one flavor and adding another.

As one of the lucky ones, I know it’s hard to educate the whole populous of America. It’s hard to get my mom and dad to stop buying from companies like Tyson or to try and buy more products from a local farmer’s market or to get them to understand superfoods are normally just ridiculous claims. Unless the United States is going to go on a big campaign to give the world my high school health class or our psychology of food class, maybe regulation is a good thing.

Does Dark Chocolate help with Hypertension?

For our last psychology paper, our class was assigned to choose a super food and find supportive evidence if there were the health benefits that are associated with that food. I chose to research and write about the dark chocolate and its effect on individuals with hypertension. As someone who is a fond lover of chocolate herself, I decided to see if the claims about whether this food can reduce high blood pressure were true. After some research, studies have shown that the consumption of dark chocolate can lower a persons blood pressure with the help of polyphenols. Polyphenols are a micronutrient that carry antioxidant properties and increase a particular nitric acid in our bodies. That increase in acid promotes the widening of our blood vessels which causes a lower systolic an diastolic blood pressure reading.  There was no information that I found that said exactly how much dark chocolate was needed in order to reduce blood pressure. Yet, one experiment showed that as little as 100g of dark chocolate was able to lower blood pressure readings.

When I continued reading about the experiments that were conducted, it elaborated more about the positive relationship between dark chocolate and hypertension. However, there were some experiments where those who participated in the experiments found that eating dark chocolate had some adverse effects. Due to the caffeine content within dark chocolate, individuals reported that after daily consumption of this food, they had difficulty sleeping. Also, some reported that merely eating dark chocolate everyday gave them feelings of nausea. Thus, due to these consequences dark chocolate does not seem like a feasible form of treatment to reduce blood pressure. Growing up, I have always heard how dark chocolate could potentially be beneficial to ones health however, I did not know that there were scientific studies that actually supported the claims. Upon finding these answers about dark chocolate, I was fascinated. Even though it may not be a great form of treatment for individuals with hypertension, it is still satisfying to know that when I do eat dark chocolate there are some benefits.

Here are some articles that I read that helped me write my paper: polyphenols and dark chocolate

Is Chocolate A Superfood?

In today’s society, there are many nutritional websites, magazines and television shows that focus on the power on superfoods. Labeled as a superfood by the media, dark chocolate supposedly can produce beneficial health effects such as lowering blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health. Websites, such as The. Dr Oz Show and Women’s Health Magazine, specify that the consumption of chocolate containing 70% or more cacao is great for the body because of the richness in flavonoids. However, I found a discrepancy in the daily serving that is being recommended. The Dr. Oz  Show recommends no more than one ounce of dark chocolate a day, while Women’s Health Magazine recommends no more than seven ounces of dark chocolate a day. There is no affirmative daily recommended serving, which can misinform various audiences. Based on my investigation, the media seems to be putting emphasis on the powers of dark chocolate without providing an accurate daily serving for consumers.

The Harvard Women’s Health Watch mentions that this could be a problem. Many people learn from the media that chocolate is great for a person’s heath but, the entire reports being made by scientists are not being stated. The cocoa ingredient found in chocolate can possibly improve a person’s heart health yet, this finding made by scientists does not encourage people to eat multiple chocolate bars in one sitting. Chocolate has been found to have many calories from milk, sugar and other ingredients that add to the fat content of the snack. Chocolate should not be eaten in mass quantities.

While investigating the truth behind chocolate and its health effects, I found an inconclusive answer. Many scientific studies show contradicting results, some report chocolate is beneficial to cardiovascular health and some studies report that chocolate makes no impact on an individual’s health. However, the media has been taking these findings from these clinical trails and creating biased news, which society absorbs and believes. The Dr. Oz Show and Women’s Health Magazine emphasize this idea.

Goji Berries

Goji berries have been grown and imported from China for over 20 centuries because of the so-called health benefits of the berries. Goji berries have been known to treat a great deal of ailments according to Chinese and Asian culture. These berries either dried or fresh are filled with over 18 kinds of amino acids and over 21 minerals and vitamins mostly vitamin A, B & C. According to wedmd.com, goji berries have high levels of antioxidants that help protect the liver, eyesight, immune benefits, skin benefits against the sun, protects developing antiaging diseases and can be anticancer. Three studies were done to see if goji berries are really the superfood the Chinese and Asian culture has said it to be.

Many people think goji berries benefit eyesight because they are high in antioxidants (Bucheli, 2010) the first study was a 180 days a study was where 75 elderly people got the goji berry, and the other 75 randomly got a placebo. Each group of elderly people was tested to see if a goji berry supplement would reduce the risks of developing a disease affecting their eyesight from old age, but that was slightly in their eyes already. After the 180 days of the study,13 subjects in the placebo group showed the progression of macula hypopigmentation causing slight blindness in the eyes but the people who received

Red dried goji berries in wooden spoon

Red dried goji berries in wooden spoon

the Goji berries, supplements showed much less macula hypopigmentation than what they started with. (Bucheli, 2010) Another study was done in healthy adults measuring their eyesight,  too, but it showed no effect on visual activity because there was nothing wrong with their eyesight in the first place (Bucheli, 2010) however, their antioxidant levels did increase. Anticancer studies have not been tested on humans, but male lab rats with prostate cancer were feed dried goji berries daily to see if there were any effects. The results of the study showed that the goji berries killed the cancer cell growth in the mice and found less amount of cancer cells in their bodies. (Environmental Nutrition, 2010)

Other heath benefits that the Chinese also thought that came with the daily intake of goji berries is mental health like calmness, sleeping, increased energy and being able to focus better through the day (O’mathúna, 2010). A study was done  (O’mathúna, 2010) to 34 healthy people randomly picked either drink goji juice or drink a placebo juice and each subject was questioned before the study and after. The studied concluded was that over the time of the study the people who drank the goji juice had increased scores in calmness, sleep quality, ability to focus and feelings of happiness.

Manipulation of Our Youth

I recently came across a New York Times article titled “More Research Suggests Fast-Food Advertising Works on Children” by Dell’Antonia. One of the points made in this article is that when children watch more television and see more fast-food commercials, they are more likely to ask their parents to visit these fast-food chains such as Burger King and McDonald’s. Also, what makes it even worse is that the parents give into their kids and bring them to these fast-food chains. In a study conducted from 2009-2010, researchers found out that 79 percent of child-directed fast-food commercials were broadcasted on television channels such as Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, and Disney (the intended audience of these channels are pre-school kids and pre-teens). Ninety-nine percent of those commercials were from Burger King and McDonald’s alone. From my own recollection of my childhood, I remember that on a commercial break, at least three fast-food ads were shown on each of these channels. In 2006, the Council of Better Business Bureaus began the voluntary Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI). This initiative asked these fast-food restaurants to take a pledge to only advertise more healthy items to children and to not advertise to children under 6 years old. Sadly, only Burger King promised to not advertise to young kids. In another study, researchers discovered that many children did not remember any of the healthy foods shown in the commercials by these fast-food chains. Also, the researchers discovered that 81 percent of the 99 three to seven-year-olds in the study remembered French fries in a Burger King commercial even though apple slices were shown and French fries were not. As of 2013, Burger King has reduced its advertising to children by 50 percent. Children are easy to influence and it is not right that these fast-food chains are manipulating these weak cognitive minds just to make money. As a country, we should try to figure out a way to protect our youth. If we do not, they will continue to want fast-food more often and many years from now these children will be at a higher risk of obesity.

Here is a link to the entire article:http://parenting.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/30/more-research-suggests-fast-food-advertising-works-on-children/

 

Exploring Sunset Park

This semester, me and two of my classmates ventured to Sunset Park, Brooklynn and we went there to explore the neighborhood and learn its history. One of the historical landmarks that we visited was Green-Wood Cemetery; it was established in 1838 and was one of the first cemeteries in the country to have a graveyard not located at a church. It also has a great view of the city and the harbor. The next place that we visited was Brooklynn’s proclaimed ”Chinatown”. Going down 8th Avenue, we were able to see a flux of people who were of Chinese descent. There were many restaurants and small shops that sold fish, fresh fruits, and vegetables. One of the restaurants that we went to was Kai Feng Fu Dumpling House. My teacher had recommended that we visit it, and sure enough his recommendation was not disappointing. I ordered shrimp and pork dumplings and I must say that they were absolutely delicious. Lets just say that I have been having a craving for dumplings ever since I ate them and I made sure my mom ordered me more dumplings to snack on almost every week since then. Even though my project on this neighborhood is complete, I will try to visit Sunset Park more often and I can’t wait to find out what other historical aspects of the neighborhood I will learn about.

This is the beautiful entrance to Green-Wood Cemetery established in 1838.

Dumpster Diving and Food Waste in Popular TV Shows

Recently, we’ve been discussing food wasting and dumpster diving in class. During these discussions, I kept thinking about episodes that I have seen of some of my favorite shows that incorporate either food waste or dumpster diving. There are shows about these topics and documentaries about these very real problems, but I wanted to talk about these problems as seen in popular sitcoms that present the problem in a humorous way. Even though this issue isn’t a laughing matter, I think that it’s great to have television shows that people actually watch showing this very real problem.
In The Office, Steve Carrell plays an incredibly uneducated boss that lives in his own little world. In one episode he gets lost in Scranton, PA (even though that’s where he lives and works) and also doesn’t have any money or a cell phone on him. Starting to get hungry, Michael looks for a way to get food. He stops at a hot dog stand and asks the worker if he can have a hot dog even though he can’t pay. Michael tells the man he will leave his watch with him and will come back later to pay. The man says no and Michael says “what do you do with the hot dogs you don’t sell at the end of the day.” “Throw them out,” the man replies. To add humor to the situation Michael responds with “well then why don’t you throw one out into my mouth.” Of course the man does not go for this and turns Michael away leaving him hungry. Although this is a funny and fake situation, it calls our attention to the problem of food waste. This stand was throwing away perfectly good food at the end of the day instead of giving it to the poor and hungry. Although this a fake stand, I’m positive there are stands in the real world that do the very same thing.
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The next show is Seinfeld starring Jerry Seinfeld (as Jerry), Julia Louis-Dreyfus (as Elaine), Jason Alexander (as George) and Michael Richards (as Kramer). In one episode, Elaine gets the idea for a muffin shop that only sells the tops of muffins because the tops are the only parts that people really want to eat. Her idea is stolen and the muffin shop is opened and becomes a hit. After yelling at the man who stole her idea, he lets her become a partner in the business and she tells him he’s making the muffins wrong. He was just making the tops, but Elaine tells him he needs to make the whole muffin and cut the stumps off and throw them away. Kramer is asked to take the bags of perfectly good muffins stumps to a garbage dump. He unsuccessfully tries to throw the muffins stumps away at two different dumps. He gets turned away because what he was throwing away wasn’t garbage, but food. The muffin stumps end up with one of Jerry’s neighbors who eats them all. Again, in this fake situation we see food almost being wasted and thrown away. Of course the stumps do eventually get eaten, but not by someone in need. That food could make a difference if distributed to the right people.
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One short example of dumpster diving is in Parks and Recreation where Andy Dwyer (played by Chris Pratt) dumpster dives in order to avoid going back to his job in London. He hides in the dumpster and his wife April (played by Aubrey Plaza) finds him. After encouraging him to go back to work, Andy dumpster dives once more to find his wallet. He also finds noodles and goes to eat them, but April tells him not too. image4
The last example has to do more with dumpster diving then it does food waste, but shows the life of a freegan, a group of people we learned about in class. In It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia, two of the main characters, Charlie (played by Charlie Day) and Frank (played by Danny DeVito) embrace a life of dumpster diving. In fact they furnish their entire apartment using the dumpster. They find things they need and things they most certainly do not in the dumpster and view it all as treasure. Their apartment becomes insanely cluttered and disgusting and makes for a very funny situation. The episode shows that there are real people that do this and that valuable things can be found in a dumpster, but in this situation not everything you find is valuable. You know what they say, one man’s trash is another mans treasure. image2

Cheese Addiction

As a child, I remember cheese being my favorite snack. I loved to have a cold string cheese while doing my homework and relaxing after a long day of school. Not only do I eat it as a snack, I sprinkle it on almost all my meals. Now, there seems to be an answer for my preference for cheese. The University of Michigan studied people’s preference for cheese and their findings can be found here.

The University of Michigan termed this addiction as “cheese crack.” The study examined why people have a greater preference to certain foods. Researchers questioned 500 students and found out the favorite food among these students using the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Pizza was the considered the most addictive food because, of the cheese melted on top. The reason behind this result is scientifically based.

The study identified certain foods are addictive due to the way they are created. Highly processed and fatty foods are associated with addictive eating behavior because, as humans, we have an instinct to crave high energy foods at keep us satiated for long periods of time. Cheese has an ingredient called casein, which can be found in all dairy products. This protein releases casomorphins during digestion, which stimulate the dopamine receptors in the brain. When the dopamine receptors are triggered, the addictive behavior to cheese is presented. This article helped explain my desire for cheese and why I put cheese as a topping on most of my foods.

The Terrifying Transition to Gluten Free

I recently discovered that I have Celiac disease. Celiac disease is just a fancy way of saying that gluten and I don’t mix well. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When someone with celiac disease eats gluten their body makes an immune reaction that attacks the small intestine. This is why it is so important for those with Celiac disease to stop eating gluten as soon as possible.

I was diagnosed last week and was told to start looking for gluten free options. For someone that has been eating gluten free for many years, this is not difficult. For someone who is new to gluten free, it can be very difficult. Due to discussions in my psychology course at Wagner College, I have become wary of labelling and wonder if foods that advertise they are gluten free really are gluten free.

I have discovered that the supermarket near my house, ShopRite, has an entire gluten free isle. Although I will not know if they are completely gluten free, acquiring these foods is a step in the right direction. I have also discovered there are many restaurants on Staten Island that offer gluten free foods. Villa Monte’s gluten free pizza is known by many as the best on the island. Goodfellas offers gluten free pasta options (although I’m still wary about eating there because of their mice problem not too long ago).

Although this transition will probably be difficult in the beginning, I know I will get used to it as most do. This also gives me a whole new field of cooking and baking to pursue! I’m sure I will discover many gluten free dishes to prepare and force them upon my family even though they don’t need to eat gluten free!

A Balloon You Can Swallow?!

As I was watching the news, I instantly picked my head up when I heard of a balloon being used to counteract obesity. I thought back to psychology class and learning about bariatric surgery, obesity, and feelings of distention. Believe it or not, a study has been conducted where test subjects are swallowing balloons that are filled with liquid to take up space in their stomach, forcing them to eat less. This immediately made me think of the crazy, unsuccessful weight loss fads that are constantly surfacing the media. The effects of the balloon are similar to the effects of bariatric surgery, just without any surgical procedures. This Screen Shot 2015-11-05 at 11.29.39 PMprocedure has been safe so far, and requires no incisions, just swallowing the balloon.

I searched online to find the article pertaining to what I saw on NBC news and found it here. It states, “after four months, 34 patients trying out the balloon lost an average of 22 pounds, or 37 percent of their excess weight. Their cholesterol and blood sugar levels also improved – something that usually happens when people lose even a little weight.” I was shocked to find out the successful results of this experiment. I was surprised that not only did people lose weight, but their overall health actually improved!

The only side effects noted so far have been nausea and vomiting, but these are standard to any type of bariatric-like procedure that involves any type of interference with the stomach. Because of a constant unsuccess with diets and dieting pills, will this balloon procedure be the new cure to obesity? Ranging from $6,000 to $12,000, this procedure could be a bit pricy, but if the effects are actually contracting obesity, I am interested to see where this leads in the future of ending obesity.